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1.
J Econ Entomol ; 116(6): 2146-2153, 2023 12 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37816687

ABSTRACT

Lepidopteran pests have been successfully managed by the adoption of insect resistant transgenic plants expressing Cry and/or Vip insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt plants). Among such pests, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is highlighted for its destructive potential in maize crops and for cases of field-evolved resistance to Bt plants. Cry insecticidal proteins expressed in Bt plants are known for their interaction with insect midgut receptors and subsequent midgut cell disruption that leads to target pest death. In the midgut of lepidopteran larval pests such as S. frugiperda, serine proteases are important in dietary protein digestion and activation or degradation of insecticidal proteins. This work was conducted to evaluate if the use of a soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) could disrupt the development of a Bt-susceptible and a Bt-resistant population of S. frugiperda ingesting Bt (expressing Cry1F, Cry1A.105, and Cry2Ab2 Cry proteins) and non-Bt maize plants. The SBTI was produced and purified using recombinant expression in E. coli followed by purification in Ni-Sepharose. Bioassays using non-Bt maize leaves indicated that the development of susceptible and resistant populations of S. frugiperda was not influenced by the ingestion of SBTI. However, when the resistant population consumed Bt maize plants amended with SBTI, high mortality along with a reduction in larval weight and reduced activity of digestive trypsins were observed. Although the mode of action was not elucidated, it is possible that the consumption of SBTI increased susceptibility to Bt maize in the resistant population of S. frugiperda.


Subject(s)
Bacillus thuringiensis , Insecticides , Animals , Spodoptera , Zea mays , Trypsin Inhibitors/pharmacology , Glycine max/genetics , Endotoxins/pharmacology , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins , Insecticide Resistance , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology , Hemolysin Proteins/pharmacology , Hemolysin Proteins/genetics , Insecticides/pharmacology , Bacillus thuringiensis/genetics , Larva/physiology , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
2.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 42: e233540, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1356592

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste texto é problematizar a conceituação de gênero no campo da Psicologia, em articulação com a homossexualidade e ancorada pela epistemologia feminista decolonial em nossa ciência e profissão. Para tanto, este ensaio crítico se dará a partir de uma discussão teórica, utilizando elementos de caráter literário e estéticos enquanto recursos para a produção do conhecimento em Psicologia. Também considerarei algumas singularidades e inquietações quanto às elaborações sobre gênero e homossexualidade, a partir de estudos em nossa área. Esse debate foi proposto diante da avaliação de que há certa invisibilidade e silenciamento sobre a homossexualidade nos contextos interioranos, inclusive no âmbito da Psicologia, que tem atuado sob uma perspectiva universalista e que não tem se dedicado a entender os processos de subjetivação de homossexualidades nesse lugar. Pretende-se estimular o estudo acadêmico dessas questões, apresentando elementos em torno de gênero, sexualidade, homossexualidade e alguns parâmetros literários a respeito da construção de narrativas, considerando problematizações prévias em Psicologia sobre esse dilema. Abordamos as subjetivações de gênero e homossexualidade, como forma de estimular o debate epistemológico que possibilite mais pesquisas, assim como promover avanços em processos formativos de futuras psicólogas e futuros psicólogos, de forma contextualizada e gendrada.


This text aims to problematize the conceptualization of gender in the field of Psychology, in articulation with homosexuality and anchored by the decolonial feminist epistemology in our science and profession. For this, we will base this critical essay on a theoretical discussion, using elements of literary and aesthetic character as resources to produce knowledge in Psychology. We will also consider some singularities and concerns regarding the elaborations on gender and homosexuality, based on studies in our area. This debate was proposed before the assessment that homosexuality is partially invisiblized and silenced in the interior contexts, including in the field of Psychology, which has acted from a universalist perspective and which has neglected understanding the subjectivation processes of homosexualities in this place. The idea is to stimulate the academic study of these issues, presenting elements around gender, sexuality, homosexuality, and some literary parameters regarding the construction of narratives, considering previous problematizations in Psychology about this dilemma. We approach the subjectivations of gender and homosexuality to stimulate the epistemological debate that allows more research, and promote advances in the formative processes of future psychologists, in a contextualized and gendered way.


El objetivo de este texto es problematizar la conceptualización de género en el campo de la Psicología, en articulación con la homosexualidad, anclada por la epistemología feminista decolonial en nuestra ciencia y profesión. Para ello, este ensayo crítico parte de una discusión teórica, utilizando elementos de carácter literario y estético como recursos para la producción del conocimiento en Psicología. También considera algunas singularidades e inquietudes en cuanto a las elaboraciones sobre género y homosexualidad a partir de estudios en nuestra área. Se propone este debate ante la evaluación de que hay cierta invisibilidad y silenciamiento sobre la homosexualidad en los contextos interioranos, incluso en el ámbito de la Psicología, que ha actuado bajo una perspectiva universalista y que no ha dedicado a entender los procesos de subjetivación de homosexualidades en ese lugar. La idea es estimular el estudio académico de esas cuestiones, presentando elementos sobre género, sexualidad, homosexualidad y algunos parámetros literarios respecto a la construcción de narrativas, considerando problematizaciones previas en Psicología sobre ese dilema. Se abordan las subjetivaciones de género y homosexualidad como forma de estimular el debate epistemológico que posibilite más investigaciones, así como también promueva avances en procesos formativos de futuras psicólogas y futuros psicólogos, de forma contextualizada y gendrada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Homosexuality , Feminism , Gender Identity , Literature , Psychology , Concept Formation , Sexuality , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Gender Binarism
3.
Rev. psicol. (Fortaleza, Online) ; 12(2): 147-160, 20210701. 296KB
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1337593

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre questões epistêmico-metodológicas na construção de narrativas nas pesquisas participativas. Situamos nossas reflexões a partir de três pesquisas realizadas no processo de doutorado, de duas pesquisadoras e um pesquisador que fazem parte de Instituições diferentes, mas participam do mesmo grupo de pesquisa ­ GEPCOL-UFPE, o mesmo GT da ANPEPP, e desenvolveram seus estudos com foco nas narrativas das juventudes. Destacamos nesses estudos, que para a execução de pesquisas participativas que buscam construir narrativas é necessário à emergência de um caminho alternativo aos modelos hegemônicos, o que requer uma mudança de postura da/o pesquisadora/or, no sentido de que essa/e considere os marcadores sociais que lhe constituem na relação com as/os participantes e na construção das informações. É necessário também o uso de referenciais epistêmicos metodológicos que possibilitem a valorização das experiências dos sujeitos, que permitam que essas/es falem, sejam ouvidas/os e tenham suas vozes visibilizadas nos textos. Consideramos que a narrativa é política por se fazer compartilhada, por buscar visibilizar as situações de opressão e desigualdades na sociedade, e também por contribuir na construção de práticas decoloniais e da resistência.


The present article aims to reflect on epistemic-methodological issues in the construction of narratives with a focus on decoloniality in participatory research. We place our reflections based on three researches carried out in the doctoral process, of two researchers and one researcher who are part of different Institutions, but participate in the same research group - GEPCOL-UFPE, the same GT-ANPEPP, and developed their studies with a focus on youth narratives. We highlight in these studies that for the execution of participatory research that seeks to build narratives, it is necessary to the emergence of an alternative path to hegemonic models, which requires a change in the researcher's posture, in the sense this considers the social markers that constitute it in the relationship with the participants and in the construction of information. It is also necessary to use methodological epistemic references that make it possible to value the experiences of the subjects, that allow them to speak, to be heard, and to have their voices visible in the texts. We believe that the narrative is political for being shared, for seeking to make visible the situations of oppression and inequality in society, and also for contributing to the construction of decolonial practices and resistance.


Subject(s)
Narration , Socioeconomic Factors , Community-Based Participatory Research
4.
J Econ Entomol ; 114(4): 1817-1822, 2021 08 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34104964

ABSTRACT

Like conventional crops, transgenic plants expressing insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are subjected to water deprivation. However, the effects of water deprivation over the insecticidal activity of Bt plants are not well understood. We submitted Bt maize and Bt soybean to water deprivation and evaluated biochemical stress markers and the insecticidal activity of plants against target insects. Bt maize (DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 × MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 × SYN-IR162-4) containing the PowerCore Ultra traits, Bt soybean (DAS-444Ø6-6 × DAS-81419-2) with the Conkesta E3 traits, and commercial non-Bt cultivars were cultivated and exposed to water deprivation in the greenhouse. Leaves were harvested for quantification of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdeyde (MDA), and total phenolics and insecticidal activity. Maize or soybean leaf disks were used to evaluate the insecticidal activity against, respectively, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) and Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) neonates. Except for Bt soybean, water deprivation increased hydrogen peroxide and MDA contents in Bt and non-Bt plants. Both biochemical markers of water deficit were observed in lower concentrations in Bt plants than in non-Bt commercial cultivars. Water deprivation did not result in changes of phenolic contents in Bt and non-Bt maize. For Bt or non-Bt soybean, phenolic contents were similar despite plants being exposed or not to water deprivation. Water deprivation did not alter substantially insect survival in non-Bt maize or non-Bt soybean. Despite water deprivation-induced biochemical changes in plants, both Bt plants maintained their insecticidal activity (100% mortality) against the target species.


Subject(s)
Bacillus thuringiensis , Insecticides , Animals , Bacillus thuringiensis/genetics , Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Endotoxins , Hemolysin Proteins/genetics , Larva , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Glycine max/genetics , Spodoptera/genetics , Water Deprivation , Zea mays/genetics
5.
Psicol. soc. (Online) ; 32: e020012, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1135916

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo objetiva analisar as contribuições da contação de histórias para a saúde mental no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-intervenção que posiciona o recurso das histórias como uma tecnologia leve em saúde, comprometida em reduzir distâncias, criar pontes entre as pessoas através do investimento na produção de vínculos e acolhimento. A contação de histórias articula literatura e psicologia, faz parte da caixa de ferramentas necessárias para a ativação de forças psíquicas expressivas dos afetos no cenário atual. O banco de dados da pesquisa pode ser designado como banco de histórias que passam por um processo de curadoria, sendo essa uma metodologia fundamental para o encadeamento de temas abordados nas histórias e a postagem das mesmas no Instagram do projeto. As histórias videogravadas foram analisadas a partir dos núcleos semânticos contexto-afeto-texto, com destaque para os conteúdos de memória e morte; e práticas de mutualidade em cuidado. A reação dos/as seguidores/as do Instagram expressam mensagens afetuosas aos/as contadores/as.


Resumen El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las contribuciones de la narración a la salud mental en el contexto de la pandemia Covid-19. Se trata de una investigación-intervención que posiciona el recurso de las historias como una tecnología ligera en salud, comprometida con la reducción de distancias, creando puentes entre las personas a través de la inversión en la producción de vínculos y la acogida. La narración de cuenteros articula la literatura y la psicología, es parte de la caja de herramientas necesarias para la activación de las fuerzas psíquicas expresivas de los afectos en el escenario actual. La base de datos de investigación puede designarse como un banco de historias que se someten a un proceso curatorial, que es una metodología fundamental para vincular los temas tratados en las historias y publicarlos en el Instagram del proyecto. Se analizaron relatos videograbados a partir de los núcleos semánticos contexto-afecto-texto; con énfasis en los contenidos de la memoria y la muerte; y prácticas de cuidado mutuo en el cuidado. La reacción de los/las seguidores/as de Instagram expresan mensajes afectuosos a los/las cuenteros/as.


Abstract This article aims to analyze the contributions of the storytelling to mental health in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is an intervention-research that places this story device as light health technology. It is committed to reduce distances, create bridges between people through investment in bonding and welcoming. Storytelling articulates literature and psychology, and is part of the toolbox that is necessary for the activation of expressive psychic forces of affections in the current scenario. The research database can be designated as a bank of stories that undergo a curatorial process, which is a fundamental methodology for linking topics covered in the stories and posting them on the project's Instagram. The videotaped stories were analyzed from mutual-care practices and the context-affection-text semantic nuclei, with emphasis on the contents of memory and death. The reactions of Instagram followers express affectionate messages to the storytellers.


Subject(s)
Mental Health , Narration , Pandemics , Social Networking , Culturally Appropriate Technology , Death , Literature , Memory
6.
Ciênc. rural ; 47(6): e20160829, 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839844

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Pesticides are considered the first line of defense for the control of pests and diseases. At least in the short and medium term, the use of pesticides will remain an important strategy for pest management, allowing growers to produce crops of sufficient quality at low costs. A broad approach known as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) combines several different pest-control strategies, among which the combination of chemical and biological control stands out. It requires pesticides that achieve optimal control of target pests with minimal impact on the activity of biological control agents. Because of the dynamics of pest infestations, IPM routines are continuously adjusted by growers, requiring comprehensive information about pesticide effects on natural enemies. However, this information is not always available and often contradictory, which constrains the design of field recommendations. In this review, we focused on the importance of selective pesticides in IPM programs, and the effects of chemical pesticides on parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogenic fungi. We provided a detailed discussion of the challenges and constraints for research on pesticide effects on natural enemies, as well as for the resulting field recommendations.


RESUMO: Para o controle de pragas e doenças, os agrotóxicos são considerados a primeira linha de defesa. Pelo menos no curto e médio prazo, o seu uso continuará a ser uma estratégia importante de manejo, permitindo aos produtores produzir com baixo custo e boa qualidade. O manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) combina várias estratégias diferentes de controle de pragas. Entre elas, a associação do controle químico e biológico tem grande importância. Isto depende de agrotóxicos que tenham um ótimo controle das pragas alvo, com mínimo de impacto possível sobre a atividade dos agentes de controle biológico. Assim, devido à dinâmica de pragas, os produtores precisam de informações completas sobre os efeitos dos agrotóxicos sobre os inimigos naturais visando constantemente ajustar suas rotinas de MIP. No entanto, estas informações não estão sempre disponíveis, e quando encontradas, são muitas vezes contraditórias, o que prejudica as recomendações de campo. Nesta revisão, destacamos a importância de agrotóxicos seletivos em programas de MIP e seus efeitos sobre parasitoides, predadores e fungos entomopatogênicos. Ainda, discutiremos com mais detalhes os desafios e restrições para a pesquisa e recomendações de campo sobre seletividade de agrotóxicos.

7.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 60(3): 255-259, July-Sept. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792690

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the development and reproduction of the black armyworm, Spodoptera cosmioides when larvae fed on leaves of Bt-corn hybrids, expressing a single Cry1F and also Cry1F, Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in pyramided corn and their non-Bt-isoline (hybrid 2B688), as well as on leaves of two soybean isolines expressing the Cry1Ac protein and its non-Bt isoline (A5547-227). We also assessed the effect of these Bt and non-Bt plants on the leaf consumption rate of S. cosmioides larvae. This pest was unable to develop when fed on any of the corn isolines (Bt and non-Bt). When both 1st and 3rd instar larvae were fed on corn leaf, mortality was 100% in both Bt and non-Bt corn. In contrast, when corn leaves were offered to 5th instar larvae, there were survivors. Defoliation and leaf consumption was higher with non-Bt corn than with both of the Bt corn isolines. There was no negative effect of Bt soybean leaves on the development and reproduction of S. cosmioides with respect to all evaluated parameters. Our study indicates that both Bt and non-Bt corn adversely affect the development of S. cosmioides while Bt soybean did not affect its biology, suggesting that this lepidopteran has major potential to become an important pest in Bt soybean crops.

8.
J Invertebr Pathol ; 110(3): 294-300, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22537834

ABSTRACT

In 2006, reports of potential Spodoptera frugiperda resistance to TC1507 maize in Puerto Rico were received. Subsequent investigation confirmed that pest populations collected from several sites in Puerto Rico were largely unaffected by the Cry1F protein in bioassays, with resistance ratios likely in excess of 1000. Since then, we have continued monitoring populations in Puerto Rico and in southern areas of the mainland US. The majority of the collections from Puerto Rico continue to show high levels of Cry1F resistance whereas populations collected from the southern US mainland continue to show full susceptibility to Cry1F and TC1507 maize. It does not appear that resistant populations have spread to any measurable extent from Puerto Rico to mainland US, nor that local selection pressure from Cry1F-expressing maize or cotton production in the southern US has caused a measurable change in population susceptibility. Lessons learned from Puerto Rico are being applied in other parts of the Americas where TC1507 maize is grown and additional steps being taken to protect the long-term durability of Cry1F in maize in areas where similar selection pressure may be expected. Tactics include using locally-adapted germplasm that contain native Spodoptera resistance, a robust education program to teach end-users about the potential for resistance to develop appropriate crop stewardship, resistance monitoring, and the use of insecticides under high S. frugiperda pressure. Perhaps most importantly, pyramided trait products that produce two or more different Bt proteins are being introduced to further delay resistance development to Cry1F.


Subject(s)
Bacillus thuringiensis/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Endotoxins/metabolism , Hemolysin Proteins/metabolism , Insecticide Resistance/genetics , Insecticides/metabolism , Spodoptera/microbiology , Zea mays/parasitology , Animals , Bacillus thuringiensis/pathogenicity , Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins , Bacterial Proteins/toxicity , Biological Assay , Endotoxins/toxicity , Female , Hemolysin Proteins/toxicity , Host-Parasite Interactions , Insecticide Resistance/drug effects , Insecticides/toxicity , Larva/growth & development , Larva/microbiology , Longevity/drug effects , Male , Pest Control, Biological , Plants, Genetically Modified , Puerto Rico , Spodoptera/growth & development , Zea mays/genetics , Zea mays/metabolism
9.
Ciênc. rural ; 35(1)jan.-fev. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-392557

ABSTRACT

Aspectos biológicos de Coccidophilus citricola Brèthes (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) foram estudados sobre Chrysomphalus aonidum Linnaeus e Aspidiotus nerii Bouchè (Homoptera, Diaspididae) criadas sobre abóbora. Observou-se a duração (dias) do período de ovo, dos quatro ínstares, pré-pupa, pupa, longevidade de adultos e a proporção machos: fêmeas de C. citricola. Determinou-se também verificar a eficiência de predação de adultos de C. citricola sobre A. nerii. C. aonidum e A. nerii são presas adequadas para C. citricola, com desenvolvimento semelhante do coccinelídeo sobre essas cochonilhas; o período de incubação do ovo foi de 7,9 e 8,1 dias com A. nerii e C. aonidum; a duração (dias) de cada ínstar larval de C. citricola sobre A. nerii e C. aonidum foram respectivamente de: (I) 2,7 e 2,9; (II) 3,1 e 3,3; (III) 3,0 e 3,3 e (IV) 3,2 e 3,1 dias. A duração das fases de pré-pupa e pupa foi de 2,5 e 4,5 dias sobre A. nerii e 2,8 e 4,8 dias sobre C. aonidum e a viabilidade de ovo a adulto foi de 63,2 por cento e 62,7 por cento respectivamente para indivíduos criados sobre essas presas. A longevidade de adultos de C. citricola foi de 57,0 dias com A. nerii e de 62,0 dias com C. aonidum. A proporção macho: fêmea foi de 0,82:1,00. O consumo diário de C. citricola foi de 1,15 adultos ou 2,35 ninfas de 2o ínstar ou 3,16 ninfas de 1o ínstar de A. nerii por dia.

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